Dr. phil. Philipp Schmid

Background

Philipp Schmid aims to analyse the impact of messages of science denialism on individuals’ health decision-making and to design interventions to reduce their persuasive influence.

Science denialism is an approach that has the ultimate goal of rejecting a proposition on which a scientific consensus exists. In the age of mass media, science denialism has multiplied its reach and availability, threatening the acceptance and lifesaving use of health-treatments and prevention behavior – e.g. HIV-treatments or vaccines. Deniers use different techniques, such as conspiracy theories or false logic, to promote their messages of science denial.

To understand the impact of messages of science denialism on individuals’ health decisions, Philipp Schmid applies an empirical judgement and decision-making perspective. In addition, he uses literature from the fields of debunking, inoculation and rebuttal to design and test promising interventions. His aim is to generate basic research findings applicable to recommendations and guidelines for health authorities.

Philipp Schmid's personal website

Areas of expertise: psychology, health decision-making, persuasion, mis-disinformation, science denialism

Curriculum Vitae

Academic career                            

• 2015 – 2020          Dissertation in Psychology (Dr. phil.), University of Erfurt
• 2013 – 2015          Master of Science (M.Sc.) in Psychology, University of Erfurt
• 2010 – 2013          Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) in Psychology, University of Erfurt

Employment

• 2021 – present     University of Erfurt, Post-doctoral researcher (100%): Research project "JITSUVAX", co-funded by the Horizon 2020 programme of the European Union
• 2020 – 2021          University of Erfurt, Department of Psychology, Interim lecturer for statistics and methods
• 2016 – 2020          University of Erfurt, Research associate: Research project "Vaccination60+", funded by the German Ministry of Education and Research.
• 2015 – 2016         Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Research associate: Research project "Increasing Influenza Vaccine Uptake: Targeting Health-Care Personnel.”, funded by Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF)
• 2011 – 2015          University of Erfurt, student research assistant

Scientific consultancies

• 2022                      European Commission
• 2021                      World Health Organization (WHO), Regional Office for Europe
• 2020                      World Health Organization (WHO), Headquarter
• 2015 – 2019          World Health Organization (WHO), Regional Office for Europe

Full CV for Dr. Philipp Schmid

Publications

• Betsch, C., Schmid, P., Verger, P., Lewandowsky, S., Soveri, A., Hertwig, R., Fasce, A., Holford, D., De Raeve, P., Gagneur, A., Vuolanto, P., Correia, T., Tavoschi, L., Declich, S., Marceca, M., Linos, A., Karnaki, P., Karlsson, L., Garrison, A. (2022). A call for immediate action to increase COVID-19 vaccination uptake to prepare for the third pandemic winter. Nature Communication,13(1):7511. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-34995-y
• Schmid, P., & Betsch, C. (2022). Benefits and Pitfalls of Debunking Interventions to Counter mRNA Vaccination Misinformation During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Science Communication, 10755470221129608. https://doi.org/10.1177/10755470221129608
• Kessler, S.H., & Schmid, P. (2022). Editorial: Mis- and Disinformation About Covid-19 – Challenges for Health Communication. European Journal of Health Communication, 3(2), I-VI. https://doi.org/10.47368/ejhc.2022.200
• Lewandowsky, S., Holford, D., & Schmid, P. (2022). Public policy and conspiracies: The case of mandates. Current Opinion in Psychology, 101427. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2022.101427
• Jörling, M., Eitze, S., Schmid, P., Betsch, C., Allen, J., & Böhm, R. (2022). To disclose or not to disclose? Factors related to the willingness to disclose information to a COVID-19 tracing app. Information, Communication & Society, 1-25. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2022.2050418
• Garrison, A., Fressard, L., Karlsson, L., Soveri, A., Fasce, A., Lewandowsky, S., … & Verger, P. (2022). Measuring psychosocial determinants of vaccination behavior in healthcare professionals: validation of the Pro-VC-Be short-form questionnaire. Expert Review of Vaccines, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1080/14760584.2022.2108800
• Lewandowsky, S., Armaos, K., Bruns, H., Schmid, P., Holford, D. L., Hahn, U., Al-Rawi, A., Sah, S., & Cook, J. (2022). When Science Becomes Embroiled in Conflict: Recognizing the Public’s Need for Debate while Combating Conspiracies and Misinformation. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 700(1), 26–40. https://doi.org/10.1177/00027162221084663
• Verger, P., Fressard, L., Soveri, A., Dauby, N., Fasce, A., Karlsson, L., Lewandoswky, S., Schmid, P., Dube, E., & Gagneur, A. (2022). An instrument to measure psychosocial determinants of health care professionals’ vaccination behavior: Validation of the Pro-VC-Be questionnaire. Expert Review of Vaccines. https://doi.org/10.1080/14760584.2022.2046467
• Vivion, M., Anassour Laouan Sidi, E., Betsch, C., Dionne, M., Dubé, E., Driedger, S. M., Schmid, P. … & Canadian Immunization Research Network (CIRN). (2022). Prebunking messaging to inoculate against COVID-19 vaccine misinformation: an effective strategy for public health. Journal of Communication in Healthcare, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1080/17538068.2022.2044606
• Ecker, U. K., Lewandowsky, S., Cook, J., Schmid, P., Fazio, L. K., Brashier, N., … & Amazeen, M. A. (2022). The psychological drivers of misinformation belief and its resistance to correction. Nature Reviews Psychology, 1(1), 13-29. https://doi.org/10.1038/s44159-021-00006-y
• Rabe, J. E., Schillok, H., Merkel, C., Voss, S., Coenen, M., De Bock, F., … & Jung-Sievers, C. (2021). Belastung von Eltern mit Kindern im Schulalter während verschiedener Phasen der COVID-19-Pandemie in Deutschland: Eine Analyse der COVID-19-Snapshot-Monitoring-(COSMO‑) Daten. Bundesgesundheitsblatt-Gesundheitsforschung-Gesundheitsschutz, 64(12), 1500-1511. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00103-021-03453-3
• Thumbeck S., Schmid P., Chesneau S., Dohmas F. (2021). Efficacy of a strategy-based intervention on text-level reading comprehension in persons with aphasia: a study protocol for a repeated measures study. BMJ Open, 11:e048126. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-048126
• Betsch, C., Bosnjak, M., Korn, L., Burgard, T., Gaissmaier, W., Felgendreff, L., Eitze, S., Sprengholz, P., Böhm, R., Stollorz, V., Ramharter, M., Promies, N., De Bock, F., Schmid, P., Renner, B., & Wieler, L. (2021. The four weeks before lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany: A weekly serial cross-sectional study on risk perceptions, knowledge, public trust and behaviours in March 2020. Eurosurveillance (Print). https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2021.26.42.2001900
• Lewandowsky, S., Cook, J., Ecker, U. K. H., Albarracín, D., Amazeen, M. A., Kendeou, P., Lombardi, D., Newman, E. J., Pennycook, G., Porter, E. Rand, D. G., Rapp, D. N., Reifler, J., Roozenbeek, J., Schmid, P., Seifert, C. M., Sinatra, G. M., Swire-Thompson, B., van der Linden, S., Vraga, E. K., Wood, T. J., Zaragoza, M. S. (2020). The Debunking Handbook 2020. Available at https://sks.to/db2020. DOI:10.17910/b7.1182
• Schmid, P., Schwarzer, M., & Betsch, C. (2020). Weight-of-Evidence Strategies to Mitigate the Influence of Messages of Science Denialism in Public Discussions. Journal of Cognition, 3(1), 36. DOI: http://doi.org/10.5334/joc.125
• Betsch, C., Korn, L., Sprengholz, P., Felgendreff, L., Eitze, S., Schmid, P., & Böhm, R. (2020). Social and behavioral consequences of mask policies during the COVID-19 pandemic. P Natl Acad Sci USA, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2011674117.
• Habersaat, K., Betsch, C., Danchin, M., Sunstein, C., Böhm, R., Falk, A., Brewer, N.T., Omer, S.B., Scherzer, M., Sah, S., Fischer, E.F., Scheel, A.E., Fancourt, D., Kitayama, S., Dubé, E., Leask, J., Dutta, M., MacDonald, N.E., Temkina, A., Lieberoth, A., Jackson, M. Lewandowsky, S., Seale, H., Fiethe, N., Schmid, P., Gelfand, M., Korn, L., Eitze, S., Felgendreff, L. Sprengholz, P., Salvi, C., Butler, R (2020). Ten considerations for effectively managing the COVID-19 transition. Nat Hum Behav. doi.org/10.1038/s41562-020-0906-x  
• Betsch, C., Wieler, L.H., Habersaat, K. and the COSMO group (2020). Rapid, flexible, cost-effective monitoring tool for behavioural insights related to COVID-19 across countries. The Lancet, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30729-7. 
  • The COSMO group for this paper are: Cornelia Betsch (PI), Lars Korn, Lisa Felgendreff, Sarah Eitze, Philipp Schmid, Philipp Sprengholz (University of Erfurt), Lothar H Wieler, Patrick Schmich (Robert Koch-Institute), Volker Stollorz (Science Media Center Germany), Michael Ramharter (Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine), Michael Bosnjak (Leibniz Institute for Psychology Information), Saad B. Omer (Yale Institute for Global Health), Katrine Habersaat, Martha Scherzer and Cristiana Salvi (WHO Regional Office for Europe).
• Schmid, P., & Betsch, C. (2019). Effective strategies for rebutting science denialism in public discussions. Nature Human Behaviour. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-019-0632-4 
• Betsch, C., Böhm, R., Schmid, P., Korn, L., Steinmeyer, L., Heinemeier, D., Eitze, S. & Küpke, N.K. (2019). Impfverhalten psychologisch erklären, messen und verändern. Bundesgesundheitsblatt, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00103-019-02900-6 
• Betsch, C., Schmid, P., Heinemeier, D., Korn, L., Holtmann, C., Böhm, R. (2018). Beyond confidence: Development of a measure assessing the 5C psychological antecedents of vaccination. PLoS ONE 13(12): e0208601. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0208601  Open Data Open Material
• Betsch, C., Rossmann, C., Pletz, M.W., Vollmar, H.C., Freytag, A., Wichmann, O., Hanke, R., Hanke, W., Heinemeier, D., Schmid, P., Eitze, S., Weber, W., Reinhardt, A., Küpke, N.K., Forstner, C., Fleischmann-Struzek, C., Mikolajetz, A., Römhild, J., Neufeind, J., Rieck, T., Suchecka, K., Reinhart, K. (2018). Increasing influenza and pneumococcal vaccine uptake in the elderly: Study protocol for the multi-methods prospective intervention study Vaccination60+. BMC Public Health, 18(1), 885. doi: 10.1186/s12889-018-5787-9 
• Betsch, C., Bödeker, B., Schmid, P., & Wichmann, O. (2018). How baby’s first shot determines the development of maternal attitudes towards vaccination. Vaccine, 36(21), 3018-3026.
• Schmid, P., MacDonald, N. E., Habersaat, K., & Butler, R. (2018). Commentary to: How to respond to vocal vaccine deniers in public. Vaccine, 36, 196-198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.09.065 
• Betsch, C., Schmid, P., Holtmann, C., Heinemeier, D. & Korn, L. (2018). Erklärung und Veränderung von Präventionsverhalten. In:  Kohlmann, C.-W., Salewski, C., Wirtz, M. A. (Hrsg.) (2018). Psychologie in der Gesundheitsförderung. Bern: Hogrefe.
• Schmid, P., Rauber, D., Betsch, C., Lidolt, G., Denker, M.-L. (2017). Barriers of Influenza Vaccination Intention and Behavior – A Systematic Review of Influenza Vaccine Hesitancy, 2005 – 2016. PLoS ONE 12(1): e0170550. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0170550  Open Data
• World Health Organization, Regional Office for Europe (2017). Vaccination and trust - How concerns arise and the role of communication in mitigating crises. Authored by Cornelia Betsch, Constanze Rossmann, Katrine Bach-Habersaat, Philipp Schmid, Cindy Holtmann, Lars Korn, Jascha Wiehn, Linda Mummer.
• World Health Organization, Regional Office for Europe (2016). Best practice guidance: How to respond to vocal vaccine deniers in public. Authored by Philipp Schmid, Noni MacDonald, Katrine Habersaat, Robb Butler.
• Betsch, C., Haase, N., Renkewitz, F. & Schmid, P. (2015). The narrative bias revisited: What drives the biasing influence of narrative information on risk perceptions? Judgment and Decision Making, 10, 241-264.
• Betsch, C. & Schmid, P. (2012). Angst essen Impfbereitschaft auf? Der Einfluss kognitiver und affektiver Faktoren auf die Risikowahrnehmung im Ausbruchsgeschehen. [The influence of cognitive and affective aspects of risk perception during outbreaks.] Bundesgesundheitsblatt, 56, 124-130.

Talks

• Schmid, P., (2022). Benefits & Pitfalls of Debunking Interventions. Infodemic Management Training, Putrajaya (Malaysia)
• Schmid, P., (2022). Paneldiskussion Fake News und Verschwörungstheorien. Akademien der Wissenschaften Schweiz, Zürich (Switzerland) 
• Schmid, P., (2022). Symposium: Effectiveness Of Psychological Interventions To Counter Health Misinformation. 52nd Congress of the German Psychological Society, Hildesheim (Germany) 
• Schmid, P., Werner, B. (2022). The role of hostile language when rebutting health misinformation in public discussions. 52nd Congress of the German Psychological Society, Hildesheim (Germany) 
• Schmid, P., Werner, B. (2022). The role of hostile language when rebutting health misinformation in public discussions. European Society for Cognitive Psychology Conference, Lille (France) 
• Schmid, P. (2022). Fake News zum Thema Impfen – Rhetorische Fallen erkennen und vermeiden. – Landesfortbildung Rheinland-Pfalz Impfen. Mainz.
• Schmid, P. (2022). Verbesserung der Impfquoten und der Impfakzeptanz Management einer Infodemic. – Nationale Impfkonferenz NIK. Wiesbaden.
• Schmid, P. (2022). Einfluss von sozialen Medien auf die Meinungsbildung. – Bayerische Gesellschaft für Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde BGGF22. Würzburg.
• Schmid, P. (2022). Webinar zum Thema Stärkung des Vertrauens in Covid-19-Impfungen in Deutschland. – The Vaccine Confidence Project.
• Schmid, P. (2022). Handwerkszeug für Wisenschaftskommunikation: Update. Institut für Qualität und Wirtschaftlichkeit im Gesundheitswesen – Kolloquium. 
• Schmid, P. (2022). Fake News zum Impfen. Berufsverband der Frauenärzte, Fortbildungskongress FOKO, Düsseldorf. 
• Schmid, P. (2022). Communication about vaccines. IMMUNION train-the-trainer workshop. University of Antwerp (Online).
• Schmid, P. (2022). Mythen im Gesundheitswesen. Rationalität und Irrationalität im 21. Jahrhundert. Rotary Club Regensburg.
• Schmid, P. (2022). Psychological interventions to address vaccine hesitancy. Building healthcare professionals’ confidence in COVID-19 vaccination in Croatia – The Vaccine Confidence Project. 
• Schmid, P. (2022). Die Psychologie der Desinformation – Was macht uns anfällig für Fake News und Co.?. Digitale Demokratie – DRK – Kreisverband Trier- Saarburg e. V.
• Schmid, P. (2022). Fake-News. Wir müssen reden…. Integrationszentrum Kreis Unna. Online-Veranstaltung für Interessierte, Pädagog:innen und Fachkräfte aus dem Gesundheitswesen.
• Schmid, P. (2021). Gesundheitskommunikation in Coronazeiten: Was haben wir gelernt? Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung – Kolloquium. 
• Schmid, P. (2021). Debunking health misinformation in public. University of Zurich IKMZ – Speaker Series 2021. 
• Schmid, P. (2021). The hoax conspiracy as a soothing but maladaptive escape from the COVID-19 pandemic reality. European Association of Social Psychology – Small Group Meeting Social Implications of Conspiracy Theories. 
• Schmid, P. (2021). Evaluation of a text-based debunking intervention for countering misinformation on COVID-19 mRNA vaccines. European Conference on Health Communication. 
• Schmid, P. (2021). Gesundheitskommunikation in Coronazeiten: Was haben wir gelernt? Institut für Qualität und Wirtschaftlichkeit im Gesundheitswesen – Kolloquium. 
• Schmid, P. (2021). Rebutting Science Denialism. Max Planck Institut Berlin – Workshop on Online Interventions. 
• Schmid, P. (2021). Impfmythen und Impfskepsis – eine psychologische Perspektive. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Rheumatologie – Deutscher Rheumatologiekongress. 
• Schmid, P. (2021). Fake News zum Impfen (Rhetorische Fallen erkennen und vermeiden).Berufsverband der Frauenärzte – Digitaler Gynäkologentag Rhein-Main. 
• Schmid, P. (2021). Effektive Strategien im Umgang mit Wissenschaftsleugnern – Eine psychologische Perspektive. Skepkon 2021. 
• Schmid, P. (2021). The hoax conspiracy as a soothing but maladaptive escape from the COVID-19 pandemic reality. Annual Conference of the European Health Psychology Society. 
• Schmid, P. (2021). Die Angst vor der Impfung – Fake News und Mythen aus psychologischer Perspektive. Digitale Demokratie – DRK – Kreisverband Trier- Saarburg e. V.
• Schmid, P. (2021). Die Corona-Schutzimpung. Umgang mit Impfskeptiker*innen. Landesvereinigung für Gesundheit und Akademie für Sozialmedizin Niedersachsen e. V. 
• Schmid, P. (2021). Interventionen zum Schutz vor COVID-19 – Falschinformationen und Verschwörungstheorien. Berufsverband Deutscher Psychologinnen und Psychologen. www.bdp-hessen.de/751
• Schmid, P. (2021). Building a Dialogue on Evidence and Values: Overcoming Science Denialism. Aspen Global Congress on Scientific Thinking & Action, Italy (Rome and online).
• Lewandowsky, S., Schmid, P. (2021). The ‘infodemic’ and vaccine hesitancy in the age of Covid-19. Festival of Internatiol Relations and Partnership University of Bristol, UK (online). www.bristol.ac.uk/psychology/events/2021/105.html
• Lewandowsky, S., Schmid, P. (2021). Disinformation, conspiracy theories and the infodemic. WHO Regional Office for Europe webinar series – Communication considerations for COVID-19 vaccine introduction, Copenhagen (Denmark and online).
• Schmid, P. (2021). COVID-19 Impfung – Wie kommunizieren? Deutsches Netzwerk Gesundheitskompetenz – Webtalk, Germany (online).
• Schmid, P. (2021). Impfkommunikation – Wie kann eine gute Aufklärung zur Corona-Impfung gelingen. Wissenschaft im Dialog – Webtalk, Germany (Berlin and online).
• Schmid, P. (2021). Strategien für Fakten: Wir wir uns gegen Desinformation wehren können. Bundesverband Deutscher Stiftungen – Webtalk „Update Stiftungskommunikation”, Germany (online).
• Schmid, P. (2020). How to deal with vocal vaccine deniers in public. Canadian Immunization Conference CIC 2020. Quebec (Canada and online)
• Schmid, P. (2020). How to respond to vocal vaccine deniers in public. WHO Regional Office for Europe webinar series – Communication considerations for COVID-19 vaccine introduction, Copenhagen (Denmark and online).
• Schmid, P. (2020). Impfen im Kreuzfeuer von Fake-News. 63. Kongress Deutsche Gesellschaft für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe e.V., Munich (Germany and online)
• Schmid, P. (2020). Effective Strategies to Counter Science Denialism in Public. WHO ad-hoc technical consultation on managing the COVID-19 infodemic, Geneva (Switzerland and online)
• Schmid, P. (2020). Umgang mit Impfgegnern. Forum Reisen und Gesundheit, Berlin (Germany).
• Schmid, P. (2020). Medizinmythen wirksam entkräften. Europäisches Forum für Evidenzbasierte Prävention, Perchtolsdorf (Austria).
• Schmid, P. (2019). Rebutting fake news around vaccination – A psychological perspective. XVI International Update Seminar On Vaccines – Balmis Instituto, Almeria (Spain).
• Schmid, P. (2019). Fake-News zum Thema Impfungen bekämpfen – eine psychologische Perspektive. Turnusärztekongress, Vorarlberg (Austria).
• Schmid, P., Betsch, C., (2019). Advocating for science: How to rebut science denialism in public discussions. 21st Conference of the European Society for Cognitive Psychology, Tenerife (Spain).
• Schmid, P., Schwarzer, M., Betsch, C., (2019). Neutralizing the false-balance effect – How media can support rebuttal of misinformation about vaccination. European Health Psychology Society Annual Conference, Dubrovnik (Croatia).
• Schmid, P. (2019). Health communication in a post-truth era. Keynote Behavioural Insights Summer School, Erfurt (Germany). 
• Schmid, P. (2019). FakeNews und Mythen im Impfwesen entkräften –was funktioniert? Ein psychologischer Blick. Impfgespräche aks Gesundheit Vorarlberg, Bregenz (Austria). 
• Schmid, P. (2019). Fake News – Rhetorische Fallen erkennen und vermeiden. Nationale Impfkonferenz, Hamburg (Germany). 
• Schmid, P., Betsch, C., (2018). How to respond to persuasive messages of vaccine deniers in public debates. The Risk and Uncertainty Conference (RUC), Amsterdam (Netherlands).
• Schmid, P., Betsch, C., (2018). How to respond to persuasive messages of vaccine deniers - Experimental verification of a two-dimensional debunking strategy. International Meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Amsterdam (Netherlands).
• Schmid, P., Betsch, C., (2018). Debunking of persuasive messages of vaccine denial; An empirical verification of a two dimensional debunking strategy [Persuasive Botschaften von Impfgegnern entkräften; Experimentelle Überprüfung einer zweidimensionalen Debunking Strategie] Update 2. Kongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Psychologie (DGPS), Frankfurt (Germany).
• Schmid, P., Betsch, C., (2018). Fake news und Mythen im Gesundheitsbereich entkräften. Was funktioniert? Ein psychologischer Blick. Herbstsymposium Institut für Qualität und Wirtschaftlichkeit im Gesundheitswesen. (IQWiG), Köln (Germany).
• Schmid, P., Betsch, C., (2018). How to respond to vocal vaccine deniers in public. Fondation Merieux: Strategies to Increase Vaccine Acceptance and Uptake, Annecy (France).
• Schmid, P., Betsch, C., (2017). Debunking of persuasive messages of vaccine denial; An empirical verification of a two dimensional debunking strategy [Persuasive Botschaften von Impfgegnern entkräften; Experimentelle Überprüfung einer zweidimensionalen Debunking Strategie] Update 1. 2.Jahrestagung der DGPuK - Fachgruppe Gesundheitskommunikation, Erfurt (Germany).
• Schmid, P., Betsch, C., (2017). Debunking of persuasive messages of vaccine denial; An empirical verification of a two dimensional debunking strategy [Persuasive Botschaften von Impfgegnern entkräften; Experimentelle Überprüfung einer zweidimensionalen Debunking Strategie]. Kongress für Gesundheitspsychologie (DGPS), Siegen (Germany).
• Schmid, P., Betsch, C., (2017). Impfcompliance – Psychologische Erklärungs- und Interventionsansätze. 31. Freiburger Symposium Arbeitsmedizin im Gesundheitsdienst, Freiburg (Germany).
• Schmid, P., Betsch, C., (2017). Vaccination; A social decision. [Impfen als soziale Entscheidung]. 25. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Infektiologie e. V. (DGPI), Dresden (Germany).
• Schmid, P., Betsch, C., (2016). Vaccine Scepticism, Vaccine Criticism, Vaccine Hesitancy, [Impfskepsis, Impfkritik, Impfmüdigkeit]. Workshop des ÄKBV Ärztlicher Kreis- und Bezirksverband München, München (Germany).
• Schmid, P., Betsch, C., (2016). The Four Reasons of Vaccine Refusal – Development of a Measurement Tool. [Die 4 Gründe von Impfverweigerung – Entwicklung und Validierung eines Messinstruments]. Kongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Psychologie (DGPS), Leipzig (Germany).
• Schmid, P., Betsch, C., (2016). Hesitancy Issues for Influenza Vaccination: A Literature Review. Third WHO Consultation on Global Action Plan for Influenza Vaccines (GAP III). Geneva (Switzerland).
• Schmid, P., Betsch, C., (2016). Psychology of Vaccine Decision Making [Die Psychologie der Impfentscheidung] in Vaccination in Austria – Status Quo and Quo Vadis. Forum Alpbach, Alpbach (Austria).